What Is HPV?
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the most common STI. Most infections clear naturally, but some high-risk types can cause cervical, anal, and throat cancers. Low-risk types cause genital warts. Vaccines are highly effective at preventing HPV-related cancers.
What Is Trichomoniasis?
Trichomoniasis (trich) is a common parasitic STI that often causes vaginal discharge, itching, and discomfort. Many people have no symptoms. It is easily cured with antibiotics and, if left untreated, can increase the risk of acquiring other STIs including HIV.
How Often Should I Get Tested for STIs?
Sexually active adults should get tested at least annually. Those with multiple partners, new partners, or higher-risk behaviors should test every 3-6 months. Pregnant women should be tested during pregnancy. Testing frequency depends on individual risk factors and sexual activity.
Can You Get an STI from Oral Sex?
Yes, many STIs can be transmitted through oral sex, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, and HPV. The throat can be infected with gonorrhea and chlamydia, often without symptoms. Using barriers like condoms or dental dams reduces transmission risk.
What Is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea. It can cause chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Symptoms include pelvic pain, abnormal discharge, and fever. Early treatment with antibiotics is crucial.
Do Condoms Prevent All STIs?
Condoms are highly effective at preventing STIs transmitted through bodily fluids (HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis). They offer less protection against skin-to-skin STIs like herpes and HPV, which can infect areas not covered by condoms. Consistent, correct use is essential.
What Are STI Symptoms in Men?
Common STI symptoms in men include penile discharge, burning during urination, sores or bumps on genitals, testicular pain, and rectal symptoms. However, many STIs are asymptomatic in men, making regular testing important even without symptoms.
What Are STI Symptoms in Women?
Common STI symptoms in women include abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, painful urination, irregular bleeding, and genital sores. Many STIs in women are asymptomatic, which is why routine screening is crucial, especially since untreated infections can lead to PID and infertility.
Can You Get the Same STI Twice?
Yes, you can get reinfected with bacterial STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis after successful treatment. Having one infection does not provide immunity. Partner treatment and safe sex practices are essential to prevent reinfection.
